We define reproducible research as work that can be independently recreated from the same data and the same code that the original team used. Reproducible is distinct from replicable, robust and generalisable as described in the figure below.
Open science in the form of open publication, open data, and open code supports the ability of researchers to confirm and reproduce findings.
— National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Source: The Turing Way
Reproducibility
Reproducibility is obtaining consistent results using the same input data, computational steps, methods, and code, and conditions of analysis. This definition is synonymous with “computational reproducibility.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2019).
Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. National Academies Press.
Replicability
Replicability is obtaining consistent results across studies aimed at answering the same scientific question, each of which has obtained its own data. Two studies may be considered to have replicated if they obtain consistent results given the level of uncertainty inherent in the system under study
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2019).
Reproducibility and Replicability in Science. National Academies Press
Open Science
Open science is a global movement that aims to make scientific research and its outcomes freely accessible to everyone.
Open Research Practices
By fostering practices like data sharing and preregistration, open science not only accelerates scientific progress but also strengthens trust in research findings.
Gold Standards Science
As detailed in Executive Order 14303, Gold Standard Science refers to science conducted in a manner that is:
- Reproducible
- Transparent
- Communicative of error and uncertainty
- Collaborative and interdisciplinary
- Skeptical of its findings and assumptions
- Structured for falsifiability of hypotheses
- Subject to unbiased peer review
- Accepting of negative results as positive outcomes
- Without conflicts of interest.
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